Ho ea ka Setsi sa PPP sa Lekala la Lichelete (tobetsa botlaaseng ba leqephe lena ho bala mongolo oa pele bakeng sa mongolo o feletseng), "Tlaleho ea Technical ka Likamano tsa Sechaba-Private ho Khothaletsa Tsoelo-pele ea Moshoelella" e hlophisitsoeng ke Sehlopha sa Tšebetso sa BRICS mabapi le PPP le Mafaratlhatlha a amogetswe ke Setheo sa Bobedi sa Ditšhelete ka 2022. E amogetswe ke Kopano ya Ditona tsa Ditšhelete tsa BRICS le Babusi ba Dibankakgolo kwa Kopanong ya bo 14 ya Baeteledipele ba BRICS.
1. Tlhaloso ea Morero
Tlhaloso ea Morero Setereke sa Yuanmou se sebakeng sa phula e ommeng e chesang, e tsejoang ka "ntlo ea tlhaho ea tlhaho".Ke e 'ngoe ea metheo ea tlhahiso bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea lijalo tsa moruo oa tropike le meroho mathoasong a mariha.Bothata ba metsi bo tebile.
Pele ho ts'ebetsong morero ona, tlhokahalo ea selemo le selemo ea metsi a nosetso sebakeng seo e ne e le limilione tse 92.279 m³, phepelo ea metsi e ne e le limilione tse 66.382 feela tsa m³, 'me sekhahla sa khaello ea metsi e ne e le 28.06%.Setereke se na le sebaka sa 429,400 mu ea mobu o lemehang, 'me sebaka se sebetsang sa nosetso ke 236,900 mu.Sekhahla sa khaello ea ho nosetsa se ka holimo ho 44.83%.Ts'ebetsong ea morero ona e tla akaretsa sebaka sa 114,000 mu ea masimo, ho ntlafatsa katleho ea tšebeliso ea mehloli ea metsi, ho rarolla litšitiso ho nts'etsopele ea temo e bakoang ke khaello ea metsi Seterekeng sa Yuanmou, ho fetola mokhoa o sa tsitsang oa tšebeliso ea mehloli ea metsi, le phetoho. mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa ho nosetsa likhohola ho lebisitsoe Ka hona, ho nosetsa ho baballang metsi ho phahameng ho ka finyelloa, 'me boemo ba "ho boloka metsi a' muso, keketseho ea chelete ea lihoai, le phaello ea khoebo" e ka finyelloa.
Tlas'a tataiso ea leano la mmuso la ho khothaletsa lichelete tsa sechaba ho kenya letsoho kahong le ts'ebetsong ea merero e meholo ea paballo ea metsi, morero ona o kengoa ts'ebetsong ka mokhoa oa PPP (WeChat Public Account: Theory of Water Investment Policy).
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, chelete ea lichelete ea 'muso oa Setereke sa Yuanmou e boemong bo tlaase,' me mohlala oa PPP o sebetsa hantle bakeng sa khaello ea lichelete bakeng sa kaho ea mehaho ea motheo.
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, merero ea paballo ea metsi e na le kutloelo-bohloko ho chelete ea matsete, 'me ts'ebetsong le tsamaiso ea tsona li na le lipelaelo tse kholo, tse hlokang tsebo e phahameng ea setsebi le boemo ba tsamaiso ea kaho ea ho baballa metsi.Moetso oa PPP o sebelisa melemo ea chelete ea sechaba molemong oa moralo, kaho le taolong., laola le ho boloka matsete a morero.
Ho feta moo, tlhokahalo ea phepelo ea metsi sebakeng sa morero e batla e phahame, phepelo ea metsi e tiisitsoe ka mor'a hore morero o phethoe, 'me ho behiloe maemo a ho phethahatsa tokiso e akaretsang ea temo ea theko ea metsi, e seng e ralile motheo oa ts'ebetsong. ea mohlala oa PPP.Kamora hore projeke e phetheloe, phepelo ea metsi ea selemo le selemo e tla ba limilione tse 44.822 m³, kakaretso ea ho boloka metsi ka selemo e tla ba limilione tse 21.58 m³, 'me sekhahla sa ho boloka metsi e tla ba 48.6%.
Liphello tsa morero ona li kenyelletsa:
(1) Mesebetsi e 'meli ea ho noa metsi.
(2) Morero oa phano ea metsi: 32.33km ea lipeipi tse kholo tsa phano ea metsi le lipeipi tse kholo tse 46 tsa phano ea metsi li tla hahuoa, ka bolelele ba lipeipi tsa 156.58km.
(3) Morero oa kabo ea metsi, ho aha liphaephe tse kholo tse 801 tsa phepelo ea metsi ka bolelele ba 266.2km;1901 liphaephe tsa makala tsa kabo ea metsi tse bolelele ba 345.33km;kenya 4933 DN50 limithara tse bohlale tsa metsi.
(4) Boenjiniere ba masimo, kaho ea lipeipi tse thusang tse 4753 tse bolelele ba 241.73km.Limilimithara tse 65.56 tsa mabanta a nosetso a rothelang, liphaephe tsa ho rotha tse limilione tse 3.33 le li-dripper tse limilione tse 1.2 li kentsoe.
(5) Sistimi ea tlhaiso-leseling e bolokang metsi e sebetsang hantle haholo e entsoe ka likarolo tse 'ne: sistimi e kholo ea phetiso le kabo ea marang-rang, sistimi ea tlhahlobo ea tlhaiso-leseling ea boemo ba leholimo le mongobo, kaho ea libaka tsa boithuto tse bolokang metsi tse bolokang metsi, le kaho. ea setsi sa taolo ea tsamaiso ea tlhahisoleseling.
2. Lintlha-khōlō tsa ntlafatso le ts'ebetsong ea morero
(1) 'Muso o lokela ho fetola tsamaiso le mokhoa oa ho tlosa litšitiso tsa ho kenya letsoho litabeng tsa sechaba
'Muso o thehile mekhoa e 6.'Muso oa Yuanmou County o rarolotse ka nepo bothata ba ho hohela chelete ea sechaba ho kenya letsoho kahong ea lits'ebeletso tsa polokelo ea metsi a masimong ka ho theha mekhoa e tšeletseng: kabo ea litokelo tsa metsi, ho theha theko ea metsi, likhothaletso tsa ho boloka metsi, kenyelletso ea chelete ea sechaba, ho nka karolo ka bongata, taolo ea merero. le tsamaiso ea likonteraka, le ho elelloa hoa pele ha lits'ebeletso tsa ho baballa metsi a masimong.Lipheo tse lebelletsoeng tsa ntlafatso, joalo ka ntlafatso, ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea merero, tiisetso e sebetsang ea phepelo ea metsi, nts'etsopele e potlakileng ea indasteri le keketseho e tsoelang pele ea chelete ea lihoai, li thehile mohlala o mocha oa chelete ea sechaba ho nka karolo kahong, ts'ebetsong le taolong ea. libaka tsa ho boloka metsi a masimong.
Tsamaiso e ncha ea metsi.Bakeng sa ho netefatsa lithahasello tsa batho ba lehae, ha ho ntse ho bolokoa phepelo ea metsi a kanale, ka kabo ea litokelo tsa metsi le mokhoa oa ho theha theko ea metsi, tataiso ea theko e amoheloa butle-butle ho fana ka papali e felletseng ea boiketlo, bokhoni le litšoaneleho tsa ho boloka. phepelo ea metsi ka liphaephe, tataisa mekhoa e mecha ea ho nosetsa, 'me qetellong ho fihlelle mehloli ea metsi.tšebeliso e nepahetseng ea metsi ho fihlela sepheo sa ho baballa metsi.Setereke sa Yuanmou se thathamisitsoe e le setereke sa liteko bakeng sa phetoho e felletseng ea litheko tsa metsi tsa naha.Ho kenngwa tshebetsong ha morero ona ho khothaleditse popontshwa ya tsamaiso ya metsi le mokgwa wa kabo ya ditokelo tsa metsi.
(2) Chelete ea sechaba e sebelisa melemo ea eona ea thekenoloji ho ntšetsa pele ntlafatso e bohlale ea nosetso ea temo
Haha mokhoa oa ho nosetsa masimong "metsi a marang-rang".(WeChat Public Account: Water Investment Policy Theory) Khaho ea morero oa ho noa metsi a letamo, morero oa phano ea metsi ho tloha letamong ho ea pompong e kholo ea phano ea metsi le phala e kholo ea phano ea metsi, ho kenyeletsoa le morero oa phepelo ea metsi ea phala e kholo ea lekala. , phala ea lekala ea kabo ea metsi le phala e thusang, e nang le lisebelisoa tse bohlale tsa metering, lisebelisoa tsa nosetso tsa marotholi, joalo-joalo, ho etsa "marang-rang a metsi" a koahelang sebaka sa morero ho tloha mohloling oa metsi ho ea tšimong, ho kopanya "kenyelletso, lipalangoang, kabo. , le ho nosetsa”.
Theha "marang-rang a tsamaiso" a dijithale le a bohlale le "marang-rang a litšebeletso".Morero o kenya lisebelisoa tse phahameng tsa taolo ea nosetso ea metsi le lisebelisoa tsa puisano tse se nang mohala, o kopanya lisebelisoa tsa taolo joalo ka limithara tse bohlale tsa metsi, li-valve tsa motlakase, litsamaiso tsa phepelo ea motlakase, li-wireless sensing le puisano e se nang mohala, le ho lekola mongobo oa mobu le liphetoho tsa leholimo bakeng sa tšebeliso ea metsi a lijalo, manyolo. tšebeliso, le tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi., ts'ebetso ea ts'ireletso ea liphaephe le boitsebiso bo bong bo fetisetsoa setsing sa tlhahisoleseding, setsi sa tlhahisoleseding se laola phetoho ea valve ea motlakase ho ea ka boleng bo behiloeng, maikutlo a alamo, le liphello tsa tlhahlobo ea data, 'me ka nako e ts'oanang e fetisetsa boitsebiso ho selefouno. terminal, mosebelisi a ka sebetsa a le hole.
3. Katleho ea morero
Morero ona o nka khaho ea libaka tse kholo tsa nosetso joalo ka mosireletsi, o nka boqapi ba sistimi le mochini e le matla a ho khanna, 'me ka sebete o hlahisa chelete ea sechaba ho kenya letsoho ho kenya letsoho, kaho, ts'ebetsong le taolong ea paballo ea metsi a masimong, le e fihlela sepheo sa ho hapa-hloka bakeng sa mekha eohle.
(1) Liphello sechabeng
Ho sebelisa theknoloji ea sejoale-joale ea temo ho fetola mokhoa oa setso oa ho jala:
Morero ona o fetotse mokhoa oa khale oa ho lema temo, o jang metsi, o jang nako le mosebetsi o boima.Ka ho amohela thekenoloji ea li-drip tube, sekhahla sa tšebeliso ea metsi se ka holimo ho 95%, 'me kakaretso ea tšebeliso ea metsi ka mu e 'ngoe e fokotsehile ho tloha ho 600-800m³ ea nosetso ea likhohola ho ea ho 180-240m³;
Palo ea basebetsi ba tsamaiso e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea tlhahiso ea lijalo e fokotsehile ho tloha ho 20 ho ea ho 6, e leng se fokotsang mosebetsi oa lihoai ho lokolla metsi le ho boloka mosebetsi oa ho nosetsa;
Tšebeliso ea lipeipi tsa nosetso ea marotholi ho nontša le ho sebelisa chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana e ntlafatsa haholo sekhahla sa tšebeliso ea menontsha ea lik’hemik’hale le chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana, e ka pholosang 30% ea menontsha ea lik’hemik’hale le chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana ha e bapisoa le mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea ho sebelisoa;
Tšebeliso ea lipeipi bakeng sa phepelo ea metsi e netefatsa hore mohloli oa metsi o tiiselitsoe, 'me lihoai ha li hloke ho tsetela litsing tsa ho nosetsa le lisebelisoa ka botsona, e leng ho fokotsang matsete a tlhahiso haholo.(WeChat Public Account: Theory of Water Investment Policy)
Ha ho bapisoa le ho nosetsa likhohola, ho nosetsa ka marotholi ho boloka metsi, manyolo, nako le mosebetsi.Sekhahla sa keketseho ea chai ea temo ke 26.6% mme sekhahla sa keketseho ea chai ke 17.4%.Ho khothaletsa nts'etsopele ea temo ea setso ho fihlela temo ea sejoale-joale.
Fokotsa khaello ea mehloli ea metsi le ho khothaletsa nts'etsopele ea moshoelella ea sechaba le moruo:
Morero o amohela mokhoa oa "phepelo ea metsi a liphaephe, ho kenngoa ka karete ea mokoloto" le "top-up pele, ebe o lokolla metsi", e leng se ileng sa fetola mokhoa oa "kaho e ncha le phaephe e bobebe" sebakeng sa ho boloka metsi a masimong.Tšebeliso e ntle ea tšebeliso ea metsi a nosetso e ile ea eketseha ho tloha ho 0.42 ho ea ho 0.9, ho boloka metsi a fetang limilione tse 21.58 m³ selemo le selemo..
Tlhokomeliso ea sechaba ka ho boloka metsi e matlafalitsoe haholo, ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng le e phetseng hantle ea merero ea nosetso e fihletsoe, ho se lumellane pakeng tsa phepelo le tlhoko ea mehloli ea metsi ho fokotsehile, 'me kutloano ea sechaba le botsitso li khothalelitsoe.
Phokotso ea tšebeliso ea metsi a temo e ka eketsa tšebeliso ea metsi a liindasteri le tšebeliso e 'ngoe ea metsi, ka hona ho khothaletsoa nts'etsopele ea moruo oa liindasteri oa libaka le moruo o mong oa indasteri.
Khothaletsa nts'etsopele le ts'ebeliso ea boiphihlelo bo botle ba projeke libakeng tse ling:
Ka mor'a ho phethoa ha morero, Dayu Water Saving Group Co., Ltd. e tla boela e khothalletse tšebeliso ea theknoloji ena le mohlala oa tsamaiso libakeng tse ling, tse kang Xiangyun County, Yunnan (sebaka se nosetsoang sa 50,000 mu), Setereke sa Midu (sebaka se nosetsoang). 49,000 mu), Mile County (sebaka se nosetsoang sa 50,000 mu), Setereke sa Yongsheng (sebaka se nosetsoang sa 16,000 mu), Xinjiang Shaya County (sebaka se nosetsoang sa 153,500 mu), Setereke sa Gansu Wushan (sebaka se nosetsoang sa 41,600 mu), Hebei County (Huaila County) sebaka se nosetsoang sa 82,000 mu), joalo-joalo.
(2) Liphello tsa moruo
Ho eketsa chelete ea batho le ho eketsa mesebetsi ea lehae:
Theko ea metsi ka mu e ka fokotsoa ho tloha ho li-yuan tsa pele tsa 1,258 ho ea ho li-yuan tse 350, 'me moputso o tloaelehileng ka mu o tla eketseha ka li-yuan tse fetang 5,000;
Khamphani ea morero e na le basebetsi ba 32, ho kenyeletsoa basebetsi ba 25 ba lehae ba Yuanmou le basebetsi ba 6 ba basali.Ts'ebetso ea morero ona e etsoa haholo-holo ke batho ba lehae.Ho hakanngoa hore k'hamphani e ka khutlisa litšenyehelo ka lilemo tse 5 ho isa ho tse 7, ka sekhahla sa ho khutla sa selemo le selemo sa 7.95%.
Likoporasi tsa lihoai li na le chai e tlase ea 4.95%.
Ho potlakisa nts'etsopele ea indasteri le ho khothaletsa ntlafatso ea libaka tsa mahae:
Ho kengoa tšebetsong ha morero ona ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa metsi ho tloha ho RMB 1,258 ho ea ho RMB 350, e leng se hlahisang maemo a matle bakeng sa tsamaiso e matla ea temo.
Lihoai tsa lehae kapa likomiti tsa motse li fetisetsa masimo a tsona ho lik'hamphani tse lemang ka botsona, ho tloha ho lijalo tsa setso ho ea ho limango, li-longan, morara, lilamunu le litholoana tse ling tsa moruo tse nang le boleng bo phahameng ba moruo, le ho hlahisa meroho e tala, e tloaelehileng le e kholo ea boleng bo phahameng. indasteri Base, haha tholoana ea tropike litholoana saense le thekenoloji serapeng sa boikhathollo, eketsa chelete e kenang ka karolelano ea ho feta 5,000 li-yuan ka 'ngoe, le ho hlahloba tsela ea ntshetsopele e kopantsweng ea "liindasteri phokotso ea bofuma + setso phokotso ea bofuma + bohahlauli phokotso ea bofuma".
Lihoai li fihletse kholo e tsitsitseng le e tsitsitseng ea chelete ka mekhoa e mengata e kang ho lema, ho fetisetsa mobu, mesebetsi e haufi le bohahlauli ba setso.
(3) Liphello tsa tikoloho
Fokotsa tšilafalo ea chefo le ho ntlafatsa tikoloho ea tikoloho:
Ka ho beha leihlo ka katleho le tokiso ea boleng ba metsi, tikoloho le mobu, morero ona o ka khothaletsa tšebeliso e felletseng ea manyolo a masimong le chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana, ho fokotsa tahlehelo ea menontsha ea masimong le chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana ka metsi, ho fokotsa tšilafalo e se nang ntlha, ho khothaletsa mehlala ea tlhahiso ea temo e tala; le ho ntlafatsa tikoloho ea tikoloho.
Ho kengoa tšebetsong ha morero ona ho entse hore merero ea ho baballa metsi a masimong sebakeng sa morero e be e hlophisehileng haholoanyane, e nang le nosetso e loketseng le ho ntša metsi, masimo a makhethe, le a loketseng temo ea mechine.Tsamaiso ea limela tsa maiketsetso tsa agro-ecological le tsamaiso ea boemo ba leholimo li thusa ho laola le ho ntlafatsa tšimoloho ea microclimate sebakeng se nosetsoang, le ho fokotsa tšokelo ea likoluoa tsa tlhaho tse kang komello, ho phalla ha metsi le serame tlhahisong ea temo ho latela pono ea tikoloho.
Qetellong, hlokomela nts'etsopele le ts'ebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa tlhaho, ho netefatsa tikoloho e ntle ea tikoloho, le ho theha maemo a ntlafatso ea nako e telele ea libaka tsa nosetso.
(4) Tsamaiso ea likotsi tsa lichelete le litšenyehelo tse sa lebelloang
Ka selemo sa 2015, 'muso oa Chaena o ile oa fana ka "Litaelo tsa Pontšo ea Bokhoni ba Lichelete ba Likamano tsa Sechaba le Boiketlo", e bolelang hore boikarabello ba tšebeliso ea lichelete tsa merero eohle ea PPP ea mebuso maemong ohle e hloka ho hlophisoa ho tsoa ho tekanyetso, le karolo. ea litšenyehelo tsa lichelete tsa sechaba ka kakaretso maemong a tšoanang ha ea lokela ho feta 10%.
Ho ea ka tlhokahalo ena, sethala sa tlhahisoleseling se felletseng sa PPP se thehile mokhoa oa ho beha leihlo marang-rang le tlhokomeliso ea pele bakeng sa ho khona ho lefella lichelete, e hlokomelang ka botlalo boikarabello ba tšebeliso ea lichelete ea morero o mong le o mong oa PPP oa toropo e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea mmuso le karolo ea eona ho ts'ebeliso ea lichelete tsa sechaba ka kakaretso. boemo bo tshwanang.Ka hona, morero o mong le o mong o mocha oa PPP o tlameha ho etsa pontšo ea bokhoni ba lichelete le ho amoheloa ke mmuso boemong bo tšoanang.
Morero ona ke morero o lefuoang ke basebelisi.Nakong ea 2016-2037, litšenyehelo tsohle tse tla sebelisoa ke mmuso ke li-yuan tse limilione tse 42.09 (ho kenyeletsoa: li-yuan tse limilione tse 25 tse tsoang mmusong bakeng sa ts'ehetso ea lits'ebeletso ka 2018-2022; litšenyehelo tsa li-yuan tse limilione tse 17.09 tse tsoang mmusong ka 2017-2037 Conpenditure. ke feela ho Feela ha kotsi e tsamaellanang e hlaha.) Litšenyehelo tsa selemo le selemo tsa merero eohle ea PPP ea mmuso maemong a tšoanang ha e fete 10% ea tekanyetso ea kakaretso ea sechaba maemong a tšoanang, mme karolo e phahameng ka ho fetisisa e etsahetse ka 2018, 0.35%.
Nako ea poso: Aug-03-2022
